All but the simplest cameras contain lenses which are actually comprised of several "lens elements." Each of these elements directs the path of light rays to recreate the image as accurately as possible on the digital sensor. The goal is to minimize aberrations, while still utilizing the fewest and least expensive elements.
Optical aberrations occur when points in the image do not translate back onto single points after passing through the lens — causing image blurring, reduced contrast or misalignment of colors (chromatic aberration). Lenses may also suffer from uneven, radially decreasing image brightness (vignetting) or distortion.
The're many different types of camera lenses but it's important to get the correct for the indented image.
Standard Lens
Standard camera lenses usually have a fixed focal length and wide aperture, giving them excellent performance in low light.
A standard lens is typically used for a wide angle, portrait and landscape shots.
Macro Lenses
A macro lens are designed for close-ups shot which are suppose to give the viewer impact. The lens are constructed differently to any normal lens so it can give cleaner, more shaper images.
Macro lenses are used for close-up images of nature, insects but also popular for a extremely detailed images of everyday objects.
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